2022年BEC商务英语阅读精选（11）

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2022年BEC商务英语阅读精选（11）

Employee Training and Development: Reasons and Benefits

Written by Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD

Training involves an expert working with learners to transfer to them certain areas of knowledge or skills to improve in their current jobs. Development is a broad, ongoing multifaceted set of activities (training activities among them) to bring someone or an organization up to another threshold of performance, often to perform some job or new role in the future. Typical Reasons for Employee Training and Development

Training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee or group of employees, e, g:

(1) When a performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed.

(2) To "benchmark" the status of improvement so far in a performance improvement effort.

(3) As part of an overall professional development program.

(4) As part of succession planning to help un employee be eligible for e planned change in role in the organization.

(5) To "pilot", or test, the operation of a new performance management system.

(6) To train about a specific topic (see below).

Typical Topics of Employee Training

(1) Communications: The increasing diversity of today's workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs.

(2) Computer skills: Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks.

(3) Customer service: Increased competition in today's global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers.

(4) Diversity: Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity.

(S) Ethics: Today's society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, today's diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace.

(6) Human relations: The increased stresses of today's workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict. Training can make people get along in the workplace.

(7) Quality initiatives: Initiatives such ae Total Quality Management, Quality Circles, benchmarking, etc., require basic training about quality concepts, guidelines and standards for quality, etc.

(8) Safety: Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment, hazardous chemicals, repetitive activities, etc., but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc.,

(9) Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment training usually includes careful description of the organization's policies about sexual harassment, especially about what are inappropriate behaviors.

General Benefits from Employee Training and Development

There are numerous sources of on-line information about training and development. Several of these sites suggest reasons for supervisors to conduct training among employees. These reasons include:

(1) Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees.

(2) Increased employee motivation.

(3) Increased efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain.

(4) Increased capacity to adopt new technologies and methods.

(5) Increased innovation in strategies and products.

(6) Reduced employee turnover.

(7) Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training (not a good reason for ethics training).

(8) Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity training.

参考译文

员工培训与发展：理由与意义

卡特 · 麦克纳马拉（工商管理博士）

培训就是专家向学员传授某一领域的知识和技能以改进他们的现有工作。发展是广泛的、持续的、多方面的系列活动（培训活动只是其中之一），目的在于将某个人或某个组织的业绩提高到另一层次，通常是为将来从事某一工作或承担新的角色做准备。

员工培训与发展的主要理由

员工培训和发展的理由多种多样，如：

（1）当绩效考核表明员工的绩效需要改进时；

（2）以衡量某绩效改进措施实施后的改进状况；

（3）是总的职业发展规划的组成部分；

（4）是岗位接替计划的组成部分，帮助员工在组织中有计划地改变角色，并能胜任；

（5）以测试新的绩效管理体系的运作情况；

（6）就某个特别专题进行培训（见下文）。

员工培训的主要专题

（1）交际能力：当今日益多样化的劳动力带来多种多样的语言和风俗习惯。

（2）计算机操作技能：从事管理和办公室工作，计算机操作技能必不可少。

（3）客户服务：面对当今全球化市场日益激烈的竞争，员工把握和满足顾客的需求是极为关键的。

（4）差异性：差异性培训通常包括解释分析人们为什么会有迥然不同的观点和视角，及尊重差异性的技巧与方法。

（5）伦理道德∶当今社会对企业社会责任的期待与日俱增。同时，当今的劳动力来自不同的文化背景，（因而）给工作场所带来不同的价值与道德标准。

（6人际关系∶当今工作场所的压力包括误解和冲突。培训能让人们在工作场所和睦相处。

（7）质量措施∶质量措施如全面质量管理、质量研讨小组、衡量质量的标准尺度等的实施都需要进行关于质量概念、质量标准等方面的基本培训。

（8）安全∶涉及重型设备、危险化学品、令人厌烦的重复性操作等的工作场所，对员工进行安全培训很关键。安全培训给员工提供实用的建议，还有助于员工避免遭受人身袭击等。

（9）防止性骚扰∶防止性骚扰培训通常包括详细传达公司关于性骚扰的政策，尤其得明示哪些行为属于侵犯行为。

员工培训与开发的主要意义

有关培训和发展的网络信息可谓多如牛毛。有些网站说明了培训员工的意义。这些意义包括∶

（1）提高员工的工作满意度和士气；

（2）有利于激励员工；

（3）提高工作效率，从而获得经济收益；

（4）通过接受新技术、新方法提高生产力；

（5）促进策略和产品的创新；

（6）减少员工流失；

（7）提升企业形象，如道德培训（提升企业形象不正是道德培训的最好理由吗）；

（8）风险管理，如防性骚扰培训、差异性培训。

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