2022年BEC商务英语阅读精选（9）

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2022年BEC商务英语阅读精选（9）

Barriers to International Business

Firms desiring to enter international business face several obstacles, some much more severe than others. The most common barriers to effective business are cultural, social, and political barriers, and tariffs and trade restrictions.

Cultural and Social Barriers

A nation's culture and social forces can restrict international business activities. Culture consists of a country's general concepts and values and tangible items such as food, clothing, and building. Social forces include family, education, religion and customs. Selling products from one country to another is sometimes difficult when the cultures of the two countries differ significantly. For example, when McDonald's opened its first restaurant in Rome, it was met with protest. The people of Rome objected to the smell of hamburgers frying. McDonald's overcame this objection by changing the exhaust system of the restaurant.

Social forces can create obstacles to international trade. In some countries, purchasing items as basic as food and clothing can be influenced by religion. In many nations, individuals do not. have the same choices in food, clothing, and health care.

Political Barriers

The political climate of a country can have a major impact on international business. Nations experiencing intense political unrest may change their attitude toward foreign firms at any time; this instability creates an unfavorable atmosphere for international trade.

Tariffs and Trade Restrictions

Tariffs and trade restrictions arc also barriers to international business. A nation can restriet trade through import tariffs, quotas and embargoes, and exchange controls

参考译文

影响国际贸易的壁垒

对希望进行国际贸易的公司来说，它们将面临着一些障碍，其中有些障碍是相当巨大的。最常见的障碍是文化、社会和政治的拉垒，以及关税和贸易管制。

文化和社会壁垒

一个国家的文化和社会因素会影响到它的国家贸易活动。文化是指某个国家的总的观念和价值观，以及诸如食物、衣着和建筑等有有形物体。社会因素包括家庭、教育、宗教和风俗习惯。当两个国家的文化存在着巨大的差异时，把产品从一个国家销往另一个国家有时是相当困难的。比如，麦当劳在罗马开首家餐厅时，它遭到了抗议。罗马人不喜欢制作汉堡所排放的气味。麦当劳通过改变排放系统改变了这种局面。

社会因素对国家贸易也会造成一些障碍。在一些国家，购头一些基本的东西如食物和服装都会受到宗教的影响。在许多国家，个人对食品、服装和保健品的选择往往是不同的。

政治壁垒

一个国家的政治气候对国家贸易往往有很大的影响。正经历急剧政治动乱的国家可能会随时改变其对外国公司的态度。这种政治不稳定对国际贸易是非常不利的。

关税和贸易限制

关税和贸易限制也是国际贸易的壁垒。一个国家可以通过进口关税、贸易限额、贸易禁运和外汇管制来限制国家贸易。

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